Master of Laws

Eduardo Conghos (LL.M., ’98), speaks about Argentinian environmental law at UGA Law

Director of GreenCo SA and National University of the South professor Eduardo Conghos (LL.M., ’98) spoke to students at the University of Georgia School of Law last week about environmental law in Argentina and the effects of “constitutional greening” in Latin America. The conversation was moderated by Adam D. Orford, Assistant Professor of Law.

Conghos provided students with historic context for environmental legal developments in Latin America, tracing the global period of “constitutional greening” that stretched from the 1970s through the 90s. Over these two decades, 14 of the 20 countries in Latin America encoded environmental considerations and protections into law. Some common characteristics included protection of natural resources, wildlife, and protected natural areas; a right to the environment; and a right to public participation in environmental processes. Despite these strong constitutional protections for the environment, Conghos noted that the lack of statutory laws created tension between judicial rulings in favor of environmental protection and consistent implementation and oversight of environmental regulations. He used the 2007 Argentinian Supreme Court decision, Mendoza, Beatriz Silvia et al. v. National Government et al. about damages (damages derived from the environmental pollution of the Matanza Riachuelo River) and the rulings that followed it to illustrate this conflict. Students asked Conghos about the reality of the private sector being able to adapt to new environmental regulations and whether arbitration would be the appropriate way to address some of these issues.

Conghos is an environmental lawyer, consultant, and professor based in Buenos Aires, Argentina. He is currently the Director of GreenCo S.A., an environmental consulting business that provides services to both public and private institutions. Conghos is also professor at the National University of the South in Buenos Aires, where he has worked in several faculty positions since 1999. His specialties include environmental legislation and environmental training, skills that he has honed over several decades of experience in both the public and private sectors in Argentina. Dr. Conghos received his LL.M. from the University of Georgia School of Law in 1998, as well as postgraduate degrees from the University of Salamanca, the National University of the South, the University of San Andres, and Buenos Aires University.

Alexander Campbell King Law Library hosts annual gathering for international students

Last Friday, international students at UGA Law gathered for an annual reception hosted by the Alexander Campbell King Law Library. International students in the J.D. program, Master of Laws (LL.M.) students, and exchange students from O.P. Jindal Global University Law School (JGLS) were invited to this social gathering to meet with each other and Law Library staff. This year, several LL.M. alumni/ae were in attendance, in addition to staff from the Dean Rusk International Law Center, the Center’s two Visiting Research Scholars, members of the Center’s Faculty Committee, and law faculty who teach classes for LL.M. students.

This event began in 2018 when Access Services Manager Marie Mize and Access Services Associate Szilvia Somodi proposed that the Law Library host a reception for the LL.M. students in order to introduce them to the law library staff and to talk about the library’s services. They and Foreign & International Law Librarian Anne Burnett planned the reception, which was first held September 11, 2018.

Over the years, this event has evolved in response to both students’ needs external circumstances. The event date was adjusted to accommodate the acculturative stress patterns of international students, who, Law Library staff learned, tend to experience homesickness around this time of the year. During the 2020-21 academic year, the Law Library held two virtual receptions in the fall and spring semesters to build community despite not being able to gather in person. In lieu of catered refreshments, Somodi and Mize assembled goodie bags that were made available for pickup in the Law Library for the week surrounding the virtual events.

Beginning in 2022, the Law Library expanded the event to include all international students in the J.D. program and Visiting Research Scholars. This year, the first two exchange students from UGA Law’s partnership with JGLS joined, in addition to several LL.M. alumni/ae. Somodi and Mize continue to be crucial to the planning and execution of the event, with the broader support of the library’s Student Engagement Team.

This event shines a spotlight on the relationship between the Law Library and UGA Law’s community of international students, emphasizing that they are welcome and encouraged to use the library’s facilities and services— and that the Law Library staff is glad they are here.

From classmates to colleagues: LL.M. alumna Rawdha Hidri (LL.M. ’23) and 2L Carolina Mares reflect on summer work experience together

Through the Global Externships Overseas (GEO) initiative administered by the Dean Rusk International Law Center, 2L Carolina Mares spent her summer working in international arbitration at the Houerbi Law Firm in Tunis, Tunisia. In this placement, Ms. Mares worked under the supervision of Rawdha Hidri, a Fulbright recipient who completed her Master of Laws (LL.M.) at UGA Law in May 2023.

While it is not uncommon for our J.D. students to work under our LL.M. alumni/ae in GEO placements, this is the first experience in recent memory when they had the opportunity to meet on-campus and learn together as classmates prior to their experience abroad. Below, Mares and Hidri describe their experiences participating in the GEO from the perspectives of student and supervisor, respectively. Responses have been edited for length and clarity.   

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Carolina Mares, 2L

What initially interested you about the Global Externships Overseas (GEO) initiative?

With the desire to practice international law in my career moving forward, I knew that the GEO initiative was an incredible opportunity designed to encourage me to explore one potential avenue for my future. I was torn between pursuing summer work in public international law or looking for a firm that would give me some experience in international arbitration. However, when I heard about the possibility of focusing exclusively on international arbitration at Houerbi Law Firm, my mind was set.

What was your GEO experience like?

This summer, I worked at Houerbi Law Firm in Tunis, the capital of Tunisia. The firm specializes in commercial international arbitration and operates between Tunis and Paris with a focus on disputes in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. My work consisted of reading case dockets, synthesizing parties’ positions, analyzing factual and legal exhibits, drafting an answer to a request for document production, and writing appropriate parts of an award. What I enjoyed most was the novelty of each case I got to work on. The parties in the disputes ranged from state to private parties in the UAE, Italy, Jordan, Iran, Malaysia, Tunisia, Turkey, and Morocco. I also had the chance to learn about all sorts of industries, including oil and gas, gold and fine jewelry manufacturing, and government procurement.

In addition to Rawdha, Mr. Houerbi was a phenomenal mentor to me during my time in Tunisia. With sixteen years of experience as the Arbitration and ADR Director of the ICC for the Mediterranean, the Middle East, and Africa, his positive and direct feedback played an important role in shaping my work and experience at the firm. He often invited me to sit in on team meetings that did not pertain to my particular cases so that I could gain exposure to as many disputes as possible, and he encouraged me to observe all of the virtual hearings that took place this summer.

How do you envision your GEO contributing to your academic and professional goals?

Taking part in the GEO has already impacted my professional trajectory. First, I now know that I enjoy the work involved in international arbitration, and I can picture myself pursuing a career in this practice area. Second, I’m convinced that my participation in a GEO is the reason I landed a 2L summer job fairly quickly, as it was the hot topic in all of my interviews. But more importantly, the GEO gave me a chance to take a deep dive into a niche area of law that is difficult to get into as a novice, especially in the Atlanta area. In addition to delving into international arbitration, the GEO program allowed me to develop my confidence navigating across cultures all while improving my French skills in a captivating work environment.

What was the best part of participating in a GEO?

The highlight of my GEO experience was making deep connections with my colleagues and experiencing day-to-day life in an incredibly rich culture that was brand new to me. Besides taking on the role of mentor, Rawdha was also my cultural guide. She introduced me to the coastal neighborhoods of Tunis, invited me to join her family and friends on the weekend for a shopping expedition in the Medina, pointed out the flocks of flamingos flying by in V-formation as we lounged on the beach, and took me sightseeing in Hammamet where we attended an amateur Opera concert at the Dar Sebastian villa overlooking the Mediterranean. In short, the best part of doing a GEO was getting a feel for the flow of life in Tunis and growing in my cultural competency, all of which I owe in big part to Rawdha’s support as my mentor and host.

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Rawdha Hidri (LL.M., ’23)

What interested you in serving as a placement supervisor for a GEO?

My time at UGA Law was so formative, I was eager to reciprocate and provide inquisitive American J.D. students with an experience as enriching as the one that I had in Athens. I strongly believe that immersing oneself in new experiences and can be influential on both personal and professional levels. Throughout my journey at UGA Law, I embraced the role of an informal cultural ambassador for my country Tunisia. The GEO initiative emerged as an ideal opportunity for both providing American J.D. students with professional experiences in a distinct legal framework and within a specific geopolitical context and with rich cultural immersion in my home country.

How did hosting a UGA Law student contribute to your firm’s work?

Carolina’s ability to methodically structure and articulate her thoughts has been a valuable addition to our team dynamics. Her innate attention to detail was evident from the outset, as she engaged diligently with the tasks assigned to her. Encouraging her to delve further and uncover nuances within cases became a rewarding challenge, showcasing her dedication to thorough exploration.

How did you approach integrating a UGA Law student into the local community and culture?

In the spirit of fostering a sense of belonging, I took it upon myself to introduce Carolina to the richness of Tunisian culture, ensuring she tried traditional Tunisian cuisine and experienced the crystal-clear waters of the Mediterranean. The entire team enthusiastically engaged in this process, sharing suggestions of places to visit, offering language lessons, and collectively enjoying lunches together outside the office on a weekly basis. This collaborative approach not only enhanced Carolina’s integration but also fostered a supportive and inclusive environment, benefitting both her and the entire team.

What did you enjoy about serving as a supervisor for a GEO?

Serving as a supervisor for a GEO was incredibly rewarding on a personal level. It expanded upon my own Fulbright journey that I started at UGA Law, allowing me to share my perspective and insights with someone eager to learn. The most fulfilling aspect was knowing that the student I hosted would carry their experiences in Tunisia with them, and that perspective would continue to guide them in their professional pursuits. This connection ensures a lasting impact, creating a sense of continuity and mutual understanding that extended beyond the program itself.

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Global Externships Overseas (GEOs) are four-to-twelve week summer placements in diverse areas of legal practice around the world. Students return to Athens with new colleagues and mentors, legal practice skills, and a deeper appreciation of the global legal profession. Over the last fifteen years, more than 200 UGA Law students have completed a GEO. Students secure placements tailored to their career goals with the aid of the Dean Rusk International Law Center.

For more information about GEOs, visit our website.

Welcoming the newest class of Master of Laws (LL.M.) students to UGA Law

With the Fall 2023 semester in full swing, we at the Dean Rusk International Law Center are proud to welcome another class of talented lawyers, now studying for our University of Georgia School of Law Master of Laws (LL.M.) degree.

The group of 18 hails from 14 different countries in Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas, including Nigeria, Ethiopia, India, Germany, Argentina, Romania, Brazil, Russia, Côte d’Ivoire, Ukraine, Ghana, China, Bangladesh, and Afghanistan. Among them are lawyers and other professionals specializing in a wide range of fields including corporate law, alternative commercial dispute resolution, immigration law, bankruptcy law, family law, corporate sports law, international trade, business law, cybersecurity and digital fraud, refugee and asylum law, technology law, tax law, and criminal law.

They are pictured above, standing on the steps of Dean Rusk Hall. From the left to right – top row: Daniel Danca, Bohdan Krivuts, Savelii Elizarov, Cornelius Bulanov, N’guessan Clément Kouame, Jonas Römer; middle row: Md Mushfiqur Rahman, Eman Abdella Ali, Quraisha Sherzad, Raissa dos Santos Bastos Rolim, Gracia Varinia Rojas Mina Bogliotti, Agostina Calamari; bottom row: Victoria Agbakwuru, Xinyi Nie, Shivani Ravi Prakash, Naina Bishnoi, Amanda Pinto, and Lydia Lartey.

This Class of 2024 joins a tradition that began at the University of Georgia School of Law in the early 1970s, when a Belgian lawyer became the first foreign-trained practitioner to earn a UGA Law LL.M. degree. In the ensuing four decades, the law school and its Dean Rusk International Law Center have produced nearly 600 LL.M. graduates, with ties to nearly 100 countries and every continent in the world.

Side by side with J.D. candidates, LL.M.s follow a flexible curriculum tailored to their own career goals – goals that may include preparation to sit for a U.S. bar examination, or pursuit of a concentration affording advancement in their home country’s legal profession or academic institutions.

The application for the LL.M. Class of 2025 is now open; for information or to apply for LL.M. studies, see here.