University of Georgia School of Law Professor Desirée LeClercq was featured in Inside U.S. Trade regarding rapid-response mechanism petitions under the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement. The article titled “RRM ‘black boxing’ spurs solidarity among tri-national labor reps” was written by Margaret Spiegelman and published 10/14/25.
LeClercq joined the University of Georgia School of Law in 2024 as an assistant professor. She teaches Contracts, International Trade and Workers Rights, International Labor Law, International Law and U.S. Labor Law, and Public International Law. She also serves as a faculty co-director of the Dean Rusk International Law Center and as the faculty adviser for the Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law.
Mine Turhan, who was a Visiting Researcher at the University of Georgia School of Law’s Dean Rusk International Law Center during the 2023-2024 academic year, recently published a book, The Right to Be Heard in Administrative Procedure. Her book, written in Turkish, draws upon the research Turhan conducted during her time as a Visiting Researcher at the Center.
Turhan is an assistant professor of administrative law in the Faculty of Law at the Izmir University of Economics in Türkiye. While at Georgia Law, Turhan was sponsored by Professor David E. Shipley. Her project focused on procedural due process rights, in particular the right to be heard before administrative agencies, and it analyzed how individual rights are protected by different procedures in the U.S. and EU against arbitrary actions on the part of administrative agencies. Turhan’s research was supported by a fellowship from the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK) within the scope of the International Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program.
Regarding how her experience as a Visiting Researcher at Georgia Law contributed to her book, Turhan reflected:
The United States possesses a highly developed system of administrative procedure and adjudication. My experience as an observer in administrative hearings at the Georgia Office of State Administrative Hearings and in the Immigration Court in Atlanta provided an invaluable opportunity to examine the functioning of the administrative hearing process within American administrative law firsthand. This experience significantly strengthened the empirical foundation of my research by allowing me to gain direct insight into the practical implementation of administrative procedure in the United States.
Below is the introduction of the book, translated into English by Turhan:
The right to be heard is one of the most fundamental principles of administrative procedure. This right allows individuals whose legal status may be adversely affected by an administrative act to express themselves before the decision is taken. Limiting this right to judicial proceedings is not sufficient to protect individuals against the administration. In accordance with the principle of the rule of law, individuals must also be protected before an administrative act is taken. The right to be heard provides individuals with the opportunity to actively participate in the administrative decision-making process, thereby serving as an important procedural safeguard that prevents the administration from making unlawful decisions. In this respect, the right to be heard is directly linked to several principles at the core of administrative procedure law, such as good administration, participation, transparency, accountability, and legal certainty. This book examines the right to be heard in administrative procedure both within the framework of Turkish administrative procedure law and from a comparative law perspective. The main objective of the book is to offer recommendations for ensuring the effective regulation and implementation of the right to be heard in Türkiye, taking into account examples from other countries, particularly the United States. To this end, the right to be heard in administrative procedure law has been analyzed in all its aspects.
The University of Georgia School of Law regrets to announce the passing of María Eugenia Giménez on October 8, 2025, at the age of 71 in Madrid, Spain, following heart surgery. She joined UGA in 1993 and played a vital role in establishing international programs at the School of Law before retiring in 2015.
Giménez earned her law degree at the University of Mendoza in Argentina. She also held two Master of Laws degrees, one from the Vrije Universiteit Brussels (Belgium) and the other from Georgia Law.
In 1998, in collaboration with the Institute of Continuing Judicial Education of Georgia, Giménez developed the International Judicial Training Program, which eventually trained more than 1,000 participants from the judiciaries of countries around the world. She was given a Diploma of Merit and medal by the Federal Military Justice of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, in recognition of her work with the International Judicial Training Program. Additionally, she was appointed to serve as an international expert member of the governing board of the International Institute for Justice Research and Training, headquartered in New Delhi, India.
The Global Internship Program, which Giménez created in 2001, provided summer opportunities to interested students in more than 70 law firms and organizations in 35 countries around the world. The program continues today under the name Global Externships Overseas (GEO).
In 2003, the Universidad del Salvador in Buenos Aires conferred upon Giménez an honorary professorship. The next year, she was awarded a Fulbright Fellowship to teach and research in the area of regional justice reform at the Universidad del Salvador Faculty of Law.
In 2013, she initiated the Transnational Law Program, which brought foreign law students to Athens for short-term immersion in American and international law.
She will be missed by law school faculty, staff and former students. Below, Priti Suri (LL.M. ’89), Georgia Law alumna and a classmate of Giménez, shares her reflections on Giménez’s life and legacy.
Some friendships begin with shared textbooks and late-night study sessions. Ours began at the University of Georgia School of Law in the whirlwind of LL.M. life where Maria stood out not just for her brilliance, but for her boundless warmth, wit, and the quiet strength that made her unforgettable.
Maria was more than a classmate. She was an anchor in unfamiliar waters, my co-conspirator in laughter, and confidante in moments of doubt. She brought the spirit of Latin America into every room: passionate, principled, and always ready to dance, debate, or defend what mattered most. Her legal mind was formidable, but it was her heart that truly led. Whether she was advocating for justice, mentoring younger lawyers, or simply listening with that signature tilt of her head and knowing smile, Maria made people feel seen. She had a gift for turning strangers into friends and friends into family.
Even across continents and years, our bond endured. Through one meeting in New Delhi, in Europe and the US, and, of course, though WhatsApp voice notes, we shared memories of Athens and the occasional legal rant that only she could make hilarious. I am so glad that, since Covid, Thomas Bentler (LL.M. ’89) started our trio’s monthly Teams calls. Our plan to reunite this past September in Spain was not to be as Maria had to undergo a massive open heart surgery in the summer. Her passing leaves a silence that echoes deeply, but also a legacy that sings.
Maria taught me that resilience can be gentle, that brilliance can be humble, and that true friendship is a lifelong gift. I carry her laughter, her wisdom, and her fierce loyalty with me. Yes, there is pain. The pain lies not only in her passing but in all the uncertainty of recent weeks, and then the shock of it last night when her niece informed me. Maria was a light in the world and it was my privilege have her as a friend. And I will keep telling her stories, because she deserves to be remembered not just in sorrow, but in celebration.
I cannot believe I am saying this. Rest well, querida Mimi. You were and will be deeply loved, my darling friend, and you will be missed more than words can say. I am sure you are reunited with your parents and my dad.
A Mass will be offered in her memory at 5:30 p.m. on November 25, 2025, at the Catholic Center at UGA (1344 S. Lumpkin Street, Athens). All are invited to attend.
In conversation with Georgia Law student Isaac Clement (J.D. ’27), Mullins discussed her career trajectory in national security. She provided law students with an overview of her educational background as well as her work in the Army, on Capitol Hill, with the U.S. Department of Defense, and in academia. She answered questions from law students about military and national security law, the intersections of law and policy, considerations for political and apolitical work, the importance of international education and language learning, and general advice for students interested in national security careers.
This talk was co-sponsored by the International Law Society, Armed Forces Association, Middle Eastern Law Students Association, and Law Democrats.
Mullins is the Director of Public Options and Governance at the Vanderbilt Policy Accelerator, where she researches and writes on defense acquisition and civil service reform. She is also an Assistant Adjunct Professor at Georgetown University’s Center for Security Studies.
Previously, Mullins served as Senior Advisor to the Deputy Secretary of Defense and as Senior Advisor for National Security to the Chair of the U.S. Export-Import Bank. Earlier in her career, she worked in the U.S. Senate on defense and foreign policy issues, including as national security advisor to Georgia Senator Raphael Warnock, and served as an intelligence officer in the U.S. Army, deploying to Afghanistan in 2013.
Mullins holds a BSFS from Georgetown University’s School of Foreign Service, an MPA from Princeton University’s School of Public and International Affairs, and a JD from Georgetown University Law Center. She has been a Council on Foreign Relations Term Member and is a member of the Truman National Security Project.
University of Georgia School of Law Professor Desirée LeClercq recently delivered a presentation for the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office’s Trade & Economic Diplomacy Faculty entitled “Growing Employment Through Trade: The Role of Fair Labour Standards.”
LeClercq discussed the evolution of international labor standards, noting how rules once designed to protect workers and improve living conditions are now used by countries such as the United States to enforce rights abroad and reshape global supply chains. Drawing on her experience as director of labour affairs at the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative and as a legal officer at the International Labour Organization, she illustrated this trend through examples from the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA).
LeClercq joined the University of Georgia School of Law in 2024 as an assistant professor. She teaches Contracts, International Trade and Workers Rights, International Labor Law, International Law and U.S. Labor Law, and Public International Law. She also serves as a faculty co-director of the Dean Rusk International Law Center and as the faculty adviser for the Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law.
Last week, the University of Georgia School of Law’s Dean Rusk International Law Center participated in a dinner reception celebrating global education and the philanthropic generosity of the Halle Foundation, supporting American-German educational exchange. This event was jointly sponsored by the University of Georgia’s Department of Germanic and Slavic Studies and the Office of Global Engagement.
The mission of The Halle Foundation is to promote understanding, knowledge, and friendship between the people of Germany, as seen in its European context, and those of the United States. In furtherance of this mission, the Foundation supports, primarily through grantmaking, initiatives and activities with a preference to organizations and institutions operating within, or with some discernable connection to, the state of Georgia. UGA has several international mobility initiatives, including Georgia Law’s semester-long Global Externships Overseas (GEO) initiative, that are beneficiaries of the Halle Foundation.
The evening program began with welcoming remarks by Dr. Eike Jordan, Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Halle Foundation and Dr. Martin Kagel, Associate Provost for Global Engagement, UGA Office of Global Engagement. Then, faculty and administrators at UGA who oversee initiatives benefitting from the Halle Foundation’s support spoke about the impact that their grants have on students. Speakers included: Dr. Jan Uelzmann, Co-Director of Film, Art, and Cultural History in Berlin program; Dr. Heide Crawford, Co-Coordinator of ENGR-GRMN Dual Degree Program, Director of the Freiburg Study Abroad program; and Sarah Quinn, Director of the Dean Rusk International Law Center.
Then, UGA students shared reflections about what their time abroad in Germany meant to them academically, professionally, and personally. Georgia Law student Pace Cassell (J.D. ’26) spoke about her experience as a legal extern at Baker Tilly in Hamburg, Germany during the spring 2025 semester through the semester-long GEO initiative, jointly administered by the Center and the DC Semester in Practice. Cassell is the recipient of a grant from the Halle Foundation, awarded to the law school in summer 2024 to support six students over three years participate in semester-long externships in Germany.
***
Applications are open for fall 2027 semester-long Global Externships Overseas (GEOs). All current 1Ls and 2Ls are invited to submit an application by February 15. For more information and the application, please email: ruskintlaw@uga.edu
Today, we welcome a guest post by Georgia Law alumnus Alexandre Jorge Fontes Laranjeira, who graduated with his Master of Laws (LL.M.) degree in 2023. Laranjeira recently represented the law school at the EducationUSA LL.M. Fair held in Brasília, Brazil. Laranjeira is currently a Federal Court of Appeals Judge for the First Region in Brazil. In this role, he sits on a three-judge panel that primarily handles appeals related to the role of Federal Regulatory Agencies, and appeals concerning Education Law, Health Law, Patent Law, Environmental Law, and Banking Law. Prior to his current appointment, Laranjeira served as a Federal District Court Judge for nearly 31 years. His extensive judicial career includes overseeing Federal District Courts in four different states across Brazil, with a notable tenure of four and a half years in the Amazon Region. His experience in these diverse jurisdictions has endowed him with a profound understanding of environmental and indigenous populations matters. Before ascending to the bench, Laranjeira was a Career Prosecutor for the Federal District in Brazil, where he honed his legal acumen and prosecutorial skills. Despite residing in Brazil, he is a registered mediator with the Georgia Office of Dispute Resolution, a credential he obtained through the Georgia Law Mediation Clinic course.Laranjeiraserves as a member of the Dean Rusk International Law Center’s Advisory Council.
On October 9, 2025, I represented the University of Georgia School of Law at the EducationUSA LL.M. Fair held in Brasília, Brazil. The event was part of the EducationUSA Latin America LL.M. Tour Fall 2025, which included visits to Mexico, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina, Chile, Peru, and Colombia. The Brazilian portion of the tour covered four major cities (Brasília, Rio de Janeiro, Curitiba, and São Paulo), all of which are among the most significant cultural and academic centers in my home country.
As a member of the Dean Rusk International Law Center Council, I volunteered for this opportunity to engage directly with Brazilian candidates interested in Georgia Law’s Master of Laws (LL.M.) degree program. My goal was not only to connect with prospective students, but also to promote Georgia Law’s international programs within my hometown and among members of the local legal community.
Representing Georgia Law at an international fair was an enriching experience on both personal and professional levels. I interacted with numerous law students eager to pursue international academic opportunities and met many talented and motivated individuals seeking to enhance their legal education abroad. As a Georgia Law LL.M. alumnus, I was able to share firsthand insights about the academic excellence, vibrant community, and welcoming environment that characterize life in Athens, Georgia.
I am deeply grateful to Anelise Hofmann, EducationUSA Country Coordinator, and Jefferson Couto, the local EducationUSA representative in Brasília, for their invaluable support throughout the fair. I also extend my thanks to Mandy Dixon, International Professional Education Manager, and Sarah Quinn, Director of the Dean Rusk International Law Center, for their guidance and for providing all the materials necessary to represent UGA at this important event.
***
MASTER OF LAWS (LL.M.) APPLICANTS:The application for Georgia Law’s LL.M. class of 2027 is now open. Detailed information about the degree program and how to apply can be found here. Recruiting events, both virtual and in-person, are listed here.
University of Georgia School of Law Professor Christopher Bruner presented “Value Chain Due Diligence and Populist Politics” at the University of Turin in Italy earlier this month. The seminar was co-hosted by the Department of Law and the Department of Economics and Statistics, with Roberto Caranta, Professor, Department of Law, and David Monciardini, Assistant Professor, Department of Economics and Statistics, serving as discussants. The audience included faculty and Ph.D. students.
Bruner is the Stembler Family Distinguished Professor in Business Law at the University of Georgia School of Law and serves as a faculty co-director of the Dean Rusk International Law Center.
We at the University of Georgia School of Law Dean Rusk International Law Center are pleased to welcome a new Visiting Research Scholar: Johan Van den Cruijce (LL.M. ’94), Managing Director, Atlas Services Belgium (Orange group) in Brussels, Belgium. He is currently a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at Vlerick Business School (Belgium) and holds dual Ph.D.s in Applied Economics from the KU Leuven and Ghent University. His work focuses on the intersection of law, economics, and corporate finance—especially on how control rights and marketability restrictions affect the valuation of privately held firms.
Dr. Van den Cruijce brings over 25 years of international executive experience in governance, finance and law. He serves as Managing Director at Atlas Services Belgium (Orange group), where he is responsible for the global network of holding companies across Europe and the United States. His work includes M&A, corporate restructuring, treasury and tax strategy, and legal oversight of listed and unlisted entities. He also holds executive and non-executive directorships in Orange group companies in several countries (including Belgium, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Denmark, the U.K. and the U.S.).
Dr. Van den Cruijce has presented at leading international conferences and his academic research has been published in reputable peer reviewed journals. His recent work explores valuation discounts in illiquid markets, the legal-economic role of control in private firms, and the implications of corporate structure on firm value.
He is an alumnus of the University of Georgia School of Law and also holds an MBA degree from the KU Leuven and a law degree from the University of Antwerp. He has completed executive education programs at, amongst others, INSEAD, IESE Business School, London Business School, and Vlerick Business School.
Dr. Van den Cruijce is sponsored as a Visiting Research Scholar by Georgia Law Professor Christopher Bruner, Stembler Family Distinguished Professor in Business Law & Faculty Co-Director of the Dean Rusk International Law Center.
The digital economy fundamentally disrupts international tax principles that rely on physical presence. When a business earns income abroad, the country of residence (where the taxpayer resides) and the country of source (where income is generated) both have legitimate, competing claims to tax that income. The international tax system tends to favor residence-based taxation. The source country has the right to tax business profits only if the enterprise carries on a permanent establishment within its borders, which typically requires physical presence. The permanent establishment standard becomes flawed in a digital economy where profit shifting practices are abundant and businesses no longer need a physical presence in the location of their online consumer markets.
An upcoming United Nations (U.N.) Framework Convention on International Tax Cooperation recognizes these challenges and is overwhelmingly supported by Global South economies. However, the Global North has historically dominated the international tax regime through the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), informally known as the “World Tax Organization.” A U.N. framework convention creates potential conflict in international tax policymaking and would need to bridge the underlying North-South divide.
This Article explores the “tax wars” surrounding the leadership for global tax governance, contrasting the taxing powers and interests of the OECD-led Global North with those of the U.N.-backed Global South. It argues for a shift toward source-based taxation by revisiting the permanent establishment standard. To achieve this, the Article promotes a significant economic presence doctrine that would expand the permanent establishment criteria to include online businesses. This proposal addresses longstanding inequities and is increasingly warranted in a digital economy that does not depend on physical presence.
Harpaz joined the University of Georgia School of Law as an assistant professor in summer 2024 and teaches classes in federal income tax and business taxation. Harpaz’s scholarly focus lies in international taxation, with an emphasis on the intersection of taxation and digitalization. He explores the tax challenges of the digital economy and the ways to adapt 20th-century tax laws to modern business practices.
exchange of notes 